Tomatoes adore sun and like heat, as long as they get enough water. Lettuce is really hard to kill, and so are radishes, which are really nice for kids, as they sprout fairly quickly. Beans and peas are also pretty hardy.
In addition to your County Extension Office, talk to a local nursery - the ones near me all give free advice (in the hopes you'll buy something) based on what you're interested in, where you live, and the amount of sun. This late in the season you might want to get bedding plants.